Caries dental y calidad de vida de escolares de 6 a 8 años / Dental caries and quality life of schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years

Introducción: la caries dental ocasiona dolor y alteración de la salud. La calidad de vida se refiere a la percepción de uno con base en su situación física, emocional y social. Objetivo: analizar la percepción de la calidad de vida en un grupo de escolares con caries. Metodología: 270 escolares de 6-8 años de edad con y sin experiencia de lesiones cariosas contestaron con sus padres un cuestionario basado en la Scale of Oral Health Outcomes (SOHO). Las respuestas se registraron con escala de tipo Likert. Se obtuvieron frecuencias, porcentajes, promedios y desviación estandar. Se compararon los grupos con chi cuadrada y t de Student, y se calculó la razón de momios (RM). Resultados: el 58% presentó experiencia de caries. El 64% de los escolares con caries informó que tenía antecedentes de dolor dentario y la media en los dominios sobre funciones bucales y relación familiar fue mayor para los escolares con caries (p = 0.001). Tener caries fue determinante para presentar dificultades para comer: RM 8.7 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%] 4.7-16); beber: RM 5.9 (IC 95% 3.4-10); dormir: RM 5.3 (IC 95% 3.1-9); jugar: 5.2 (IC 95% 2.7-10), p < 0.001. Desde la autopercepción del escolar, el 87% manifestó no sentirse contento por la presencia de caries. Conclusiones: la percepción de los escolares y padres del grupo con experiencia de caries dental mostró deterioro en la calidad de vida.

Background: Dental caries causes pain and alteration of integral health. Quality of life refers to oneself's perception of their physical, emotional and social situation. Objective: To analyze the perception of quality of life in a group of schoolchildren with caries. Methodology: 270 schoolchildren aged 6-8 years with and without experience of carious lesions, with their parents, answered a questionnaire based on the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes (SOHO). The answers were recorded with a Likert-type scale. Frequencies, percentages, averages and standard deviation were obtained. The groups were compared with chi squared and Student's t test, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results: 58% presented caries experience. 64% of schoolchildren with caries reported antecedents of dental pain, and the mean in the domains on oral functions and family relationship was higher for schoolchildren with caries (p = 0.001). Having caries was determinant for eating difficulties: OR 8.7 (95% CI 4.7-16); drink: OR 5.9 (95% CI 3.4-10); sleeping: OR 5.3 (95% CI 3.1-9); play: OR 5.2 (95% CI 2.7-10), p < 0.001. From schoolchildren auto-perception 87% said they did not feel happy about their decayed teeth. Conclusions: The perception of the schoolchildren and parents belonging to the group with experience of dental caries showed deterioration in the quality of life.

Oral diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chemotherapy treatment / Alteraciones bucodentales en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda bajo tratamiento con quimioterapia

Background: Pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) usually develop oral manifestations due to the disease itself, as well as side effects of chemotherapy that severely affect their health and quality of life. The aim of this paperis to determine the prevalence of oral diseases in pediatric all patients with and without chemotherapy and its relation to the different phases of chemotherapy. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 103 pediatric patients with all between 3-15 years. They were classified into groups: without chemotherapy and with chemotherapy at phase of consolidation, enhancement, maintenance and monitoring. Clinical diagnosis was performed and gingival inflammation index (IMPA) and caries criteria (dmf and DMF) were applied. Results: The prevalence oral manifestations in the chemotherapy group were mucositis (98%), ulcers (90%), gingivitis (86%) and candidiasis (78%). The induction phase related with mucositis: RM = 7.6, 95%CI: 4.4-13, p = 0.0001; candidiasis: OR = 103, 95%CI: 13.0-818, p = 0.0001; gingivitis: OR = 16.2, 95%CI: 5.5-47, p = 0.0001; ulcers OR = 61.5, 95%CI: 8.7-432, p = 0.0001. Conclusions: The frequency and severity of oral diseases was hight and associated with the induction phase of chemotherapy, altering the overall nutrition and health of children.

Introducción: los pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda habitualmente desarrollan manifestaciones bucales debidas a la propia enfermedad, así como por efectos secundarios de la quimioterapia (QT) que afectan severamente su salud y calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de patologías bucales en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) con y sin tratamiento QT, así como su relación con las fases del tratamiento QT. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y analítico en pacientes pediátricos con LLA de 3 a 15 años. Se clasificaron en varios grupos: sin tratamiento, con tratamiento QT en fase de inducción, consolidación, intensificación, mantenimiento y vigilancia. Se realizó un examen clínico de los tejidos bucales y se aplicaron los índices de inflamación gingival (IPMA) y caries (ceod y CPOD). Resultados: el grupo bajo QT presentó mucositis (98%), úlceras (90%), gingivitis (86%) y candidiasis (78%). La fase de inducción se asoció con la presencia de mucositis: RM = 7.6, IC95%: 4.4-13, p = 0.0001; candidiasis: RM = 103, IC95%: 13.0-818, p = 0.0001; gingivitis: RM = 16.2, IC95%: 5.5-47, p = 0.0001; úlceras RM = 61.5, IC95%: 8.7-432, p = 0.0001. Conclusiones: la mayor frecuencia y severidad de las patologías bucodentales se asociaron a la fase de inducción, alterando la alimentación y la salud integral de los niños.

[Fluoride urinary excretion in Mexico City's preschool children]. / Excreción urinaria de flúor por preescolares en la ciudad de México.

OBJECTIVE: The assessment of urinary fluoride excretion during dental developing stage has been reported for different countries with community fluoride programs. Also, one of the factors that could influence on retention and excretion of fluoride is the deficient nutrition so the aim of this study was to determine fluoride urinary excretion by a group of preschool children with and without malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary samples from 24 hours were collected from 60 preschool children selected by convenience from Iztapalapa area of Mexico City, 30 with malnutrition and 30 with standard nutritrional status by weight for age. The samples were analyzed by fluoride especific electrode. Orion 720A. RESULTS: The average concentration of fluoride in urine from preschool children with and without malnutrition were 0.89 +/- 0.4 mg/L and 0.80 +/- 0.3 mg/L, respectively. The mean of 24 hours total fluoride excreted were 367 +/- 150 microg/24 hrs. in malnutrition children and 355 +/- 169 microg/24 hrs. for those with standard nutritional status. There were no differences statistically significant between groups. CONCLUSION: The urinary fluoride excretion for children with and without malnutrition were in the optimal range of fluoridation for the prevention of caries decay. Malnutrition was no associated with changes on fluoride orine concentration and excretion rates.